Do I Really Need Worker's Comp? | BWSi Blog

What, exactly, is worker?s compensation (also called worker?s comp, workman?s comp, and in some countries, compo) and do I really need it?? To put it bluntly, worker?s compensation is simply insurance where if an employee gets hurt on the job, it pays their medical bills, but, that in return, said employee cannot sue you (the employer) for being responsible for that accident.? According to Wikipedia, ?Worker?s Compensation is a form of insurance providing wage replacement and medical benefits to employees injured in the course of employment in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee?s rights to sue his or her employer for the tort of negligence.?? It really is a system of convenience for both employer and employees.

Now that you know what worker?s comp is, as a staffing agency, do you really need it?? The straightforward answer is almost always yes.? There could be very extenuating circumstances where this is not the case (construction and agriculture spring to mind), but in almost all cases, if you have employees, then coverage is mandatory.? The worker?s comp laws in almost every state are very clear and concise as to when and if you must carry worker?s compensation.? Even if you are among the rare circumstances where coverage is not mandatory, there are many good reasons to do so and it almost certainly makes good business sense.

As we have referenced, worker?s comp coverage is for the protection of both the business and the employees.? Worker?s compensation law restricts the responsibilities, rights, payouts and monetary losses for all involved.? Given the legal environment and today?s lawsuit happy mentality, there is a huge need for this protection?just the legal costs of defending a single claim alone could exceed the cost of coverage, much less any actual damages awarded.? Worker?s compensation insurance is just good business sense and a valuable risk management tool.

This entry was posted in Legal, Workers Comp 101 and tagged Workers Comp by Matthew Kinney. Bookmark the permalink.

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Book Success: The Magic of Perseverance

?I will be grateful, always, to Judith Briles for mentoring me ? the only mentor I have ever had! She has had such a positive impact on my life. I try ? every single day ? to pass that gift on??

Marilyn Van Derbur
Miss America by Day

?Thank you for all of the valuable information I learned from working with you. My only regret is not signing up sooner!?

Rita Zamora
Making Referrals a Reality

?I had the opportunity to share with Katherine my ideas and future plans on promoting my book and starting a speaking career. She offered a lot of good advice, both practical and spiritual, and gave me several contacts to help me get started. Katherine is a very good listener who understands what it takes for someone who is taking the risk of starting a new career. She is responsive to questions and ideas and not shy when it comes to pointing out actions you need to take to reach your goals. I found her to be a caring, understanding and positive personal coach at helping put ideas and dreams to work.?

Mandy Ziegler
Publisher, When Your Spirit Calls: In Search of Your Spiritual Voice

?Judith Briles is one of the best resources in the publishing industry to help you create and sell your book. Her knowledge, insight and connections to industry experts provide the ability for you to not just create a great book but actually sell it and make money doing it.?

Cameron Fay
Regional Sales Manager, Friesens Corp.

?Judith Briles is my BOOK SHEPHERD and has been for many years. She guided me through my first book, The PeaceFinder?Riley McFee?s Quest for World Peace. She is now helping me publish my husband?s autobiography as well as a book I have written on parenting plans for divorced parents. It would be very difficult to get through the publishing maze without her. She knows the business, has amazing vision, and is remarkably creative. She can spot errors in an instant, which saves money!

?I have enjoyed getting to know Judith and count her as a friend as well as a mentor. Working with her has been my good fortune.?

Joan McWilliams
The Peace Finder?Riley McFee?s Quest for World Peace
Creating Parenting Plans That Work

?Judith Briles is one of the most strategically creative, professional and competent people I have met in my 20+ years in book publishing.?

Brian Jud
How to Make Real Money Selling Books and Beyond the Bookstore

?Katherine has unique business and leadership insights that derive from her ability to clearly see an individual?s or group?s needs. Her versatility in applying solutions to a wide range of business and organizational situations is unparalleled. From my vantage point, I have seen Katherine excel as both president of the Colorado Independent Publishers Association and as coach for many authors. Not surprisingly, her writing, in business articles and in her book, expertly draws on her strengths of perception and creativity.?

Shannon Parish
Former Administrator, CIPA Colorado Independent Book Publishers

?Judith Briles?best-selling author and sought-after national speaker in her own right?is also generous to a fault in sharing her hard-earned publishing savvy. As the Colorado Book Shepherd, she?s unique in that she doesn?t do the work for you. Instead, she teaches, mentors and leads the way, empowering her clients along the otherwise treacherous trails of bringing a book first to press, then to market, and ultimately into the hands of targeted readers.?

Mara Purl
Milford Haven series

?Wow? your Salons are great! Thank you. We have a good focus now to move ahead.
You are a wise teacher. We appreciate you!?

Greg Meyerhoff and Anne Salisbury, PhD, MA, MBA
Eureka! and The Eureka Factor!

?Judith not only saved my book, she helped me create a best-seller! Her energy, wisdom, support, insights, humor and willingness to uphold her commitment were inspirational. As a successful author and publisher, Judith guided me through my journey as a first time author and publisher. She kept me moving through the publishing process, jumping over hurdles and avoiding many pitfalls.

?Not only was Judith instrumental in my writing and editing process, she coached me on how to enter into the world of niche marketing?from presentations to press releases and marketing strategies.

?I have recommended Judith to many of my professional colleagues and other authors who are looking for assistance in writing or publishing. I thank Judith for joining me on my fascinating journey of becoming an author!?

Lynn F. Hellerstein, O.D., FCOVD, FAAO
See It. Say It. Do It! The Parent?s & Teacher?s Action Guide to Creating Successful Students & Confident Kids

?I called Judith when I had issues with an editor on my first book. She was exactly what I needed to rebuild my confidence, get me on track and help me put together a publishing team that works with me. Having Judith as my mentor I?ve been successful in accomplishing many things in a small amount of time. If you want quick results, straight answers and a no BS way to get your book to market successfully. Call Judith!?

Lori Hanson
It Started with Pop-Tarts?

?After publishing my book, I knew I needed help marketing not only the book, but myself. I looked to Judith because she exemplified what I am in the process of becoming, an accomplished speaker, author, and a successful and heart-filled business woman. Under her tutelage, I am expanding into national markets and just yesterday, appeared on a TV News show. If you are ready to take yourself from hobby to professional, Judith is the woman who will walk next to you along your path to success.?

Jane Stanfield
Where Is She Heading

?A shepherd is defined as one who ?protects, guides, and watches over.? That?s exactly what Judith Briles brings to your book and/or speaking project. She won?t write your book for you, but she protects you from making senseless mistakes, she guides you through the meticulous process, and she watches over your journey from beginning to end. Working with Judith is one of the best investments I?ve made in my business.?

Dom Testa
The Galahad series

?Judith Briles knows publishing. She cuts through the myriad of details and snafus that authors face, saving them thousands of dollars in the publishing process.
Judith has authored and published more than 20 books, won multiple awards and has converted her expertise into savvy, doable strategies for authors who want to create, achieve and be financially successful.?

Dan Poynter
The Self-Publishing Manual

?Successful books don?t just happen. As a publisher, I can always tell when an author has had guidance vs. delivering a manuscript unassisted. The books that Judith Briles has steered our way have been award-winning and successful in their markets. It?s not an accident or coincidence. She works closely with her authors, from conception to structure to the ?look? of the finished book. Her authors know what to expect, when they are expecting. Her publishers know what they will get.?

David L. Hancock
Founder, Morgan James Publishing

?I can?t think of another person who has the breadth of experience that Judith does, when it comes to books, publishing, writing?and the art and business that swirls around all of these concepts.?

?Judith knows this biz from every angle: As a writer, editor, publisher, speaker, consultant and entrepreneur. She?s also fabulously creative and wonderfully honest. She?s a breath of fresh air an industry full of poseurs.?

Greg Godek
1001 Ways to be Romantic and The Simple Simon series

?Judith Briles was a moving force in the development of my book; from the perfect tag line to her perfect edits to sharing all of her perfect resources. Above and beyond all of those very important contributions, Judith?s support and encouragement kept me moving, working and motivated to get my book the Power of Rituals for Women from a dream to a reality. Thank you Judith!!?

Linda Ann Smith
Power of Rituals

?One of the smartest decisions I have ever made was hiring Judith as my Book Shepherd. I had a story to tell, but no idea how to proceed beyond the completion of my manuscript. Judith guided me through revision, recommended an excellent editor and made contacts to publishers, all of which ultimately led to a publisher for Out Of Focus?Again. I admire Judith not only for her expertise, but also for her straight forwardness. She is no nonsense and tells it like it is which is what those of us who want to see our words in print completely appreciate. She saved me much time and thousands of dollars, and is the reason my completed book is of the quality I wanted. I continue to seek Judith?s advice as I promote my book and am currently writing a second one.?

Ann Kochenberger
Out Of Focus?Again

?If you need a firm, yet compassionate, kick in the bum to get your writing project completed and out the door, Judith Briles is not only the clear choice?but the greatest value. Don?t spend a lot of money on a bunch of different consultants on writing and publishing; work with Judith first to help you create the best team for your writing project and increase your efficiency. Her salons with other authors cannot be beat, with one-on-one follow-up to keep you on track.?

Susan E. Mead, M.H.
Take Back Your Body

?I want to thank you for all your priceless knowledge and expertise that you shared with me to help me to create such a wonderful Product line and book! Amlavi LLC and Iris and Her Amazing Garden would not be so popular among our Fans and their children if it was not for your coaching and publishing advice. I can?t believe how much fun I had in your groups and individual meetings nor the amount of time you saved me. You two took us from a driven idea to inspire people and create positive change in the world to what has become a thriving Product line, Book and our first Boutique store/ Coffee Tea house. Now who saw that coming? You did ? and we all at Amlavi adore you for it!?

Dayn Conrad
Iris and Her Amazing Garden

?Yes, Katherine Carol is dynamic. Yes, she is charming. Yes, she radiates confidence and brings it out in her clients through her skilled training knowledge and her inspiring presentations and effective strategizing. Yes, yes, yes, yes?all that. But as I thought about the essence of Katherine?s skills and life philosophy, the description that seems to sum it up best for me is this: I?ve seldom met anyone as gifted as she is at teaching people how to turn lemons into lemon aid. Want to know how to outsmart bureaucracies? She?s your gal. Short of funds? She will show you how to get blood out of turnips. Need straight talk to end the nit-picking and nay-saying and get to the skinny? Meet the walking-talking ghost of Coach Lombardi.?

Dudley Lynch
Strategies for the Dolphin
President, Brain Technologies Corporation

? Judith Briles is a powerful locomotive who will get your train on the track and send it all the way to publishing. Katherine Carol has laser sharp insight to uncover and discover your deeper story. Together you have a full team guiding you heart to head and onto your completed project.?

Viki King
How to Write a Movie in 21 Days

?Publishing consultants should know publishing inside and out. Few do. Judith Briles does. She has worn many hats?she?s published with major New York houses, then broke away and created her own imprint; has successfully published over 20 books and sold in excess of 1,000,000 copies; understands niche publishing and marketing; has created publicity campaigns for her own work Publishing consultants should know publishing inside and out. Few do. Judith Briles does. She has worn many hats?she?s published with major New York houses, then broke away and created her own imprint; has successfully published over 20 books and sold in excess of 1,000,000 copies; understands niche publishing and marketing; has created publicity campaigns for her own work that landed her on Oprah, Donahue, CNN and even grabbed a cover story in People magazine; she?s penetrated the foreign rights market with her work in 16 countries to date; she has guided and coached many others from creation to completion of their work; she has created and chair several publishing conferences; and she has successfully turned several publishing disasters into successful outcomes for their authors. Judith Briles is the Book Shepherd.?

Rick Frishman
Exec. VP, Morgan James Publishing
Founder, Planned TV Arts

?Judith Briles, aka The Book Shepherd, is a true Shepherd of her flock. When I first hired Judith I thought I was ?almost there?. I didn?t know what I didn?t know. I had only just begun. I now consider myself transformed into much more than I had envisioned becoming. The best part: we?ve only just begun!?

Rhonda Spellman
The Journey, Home from Autism

?Not knowing where to begin can be daunting. Until you meet Judith. Working with Judith Briles helped move my book from the computer screen to the printed page.?

Carrie Brown-Wolf
Soul Sunday

?You just finished a masterpiece, just put your creative passion into it, and now don?t know what to do about it? Call for the assistance of Judith Briles, The Book Shepherd. Judith has the knowledge at her fingertips from taking your idea and putting it into words to finding the right editors and the right printers. Need advice on how to market your book? She has a myriad of ideas and knowledge of the ways to do it. Judith is an extraordinary woman who will be YOUR personal shepherd.

?She has been there for us through good and bad, happiness and frustration. We don?t know what we would do without her calmness?we sometimes feel max-frustration.?

Georgann and Jim Hall
Parachuting for Gold in Old Mexico

?Judith Briles is one of the most creative people I?ve ever worked with. She has an amazing wealth of knowledge and experience in the book publishing and marketing arenas, as well as a highly successful track record with her own books. She generously shares her valuable network of contacts in the industry. She knows how to create profitable strategies to publish and market books, is able to quickly and accurately understand an author?s work and offer clear, constructive suggestions

?Judith?s consulting services provide incredible value. I heartily recommend her.?

Victoria Munro
The Small Biz Balancing Act

?Katherine Carol is one of the best coaches in workplace and life skills that I have had the opportunity to observe. She?s also an excellent Board retreat facilitator?several of the organizations I?ve worked with have brought her back for repeat engagements.?

Anne Randolph
Founder, Kitchen Table Writing

?Judith Briles is an incredible coach. She is the most knowledgeable person I have met in the book business. Her workshops are informative, well-organized and fun and give budding authors inspiration as well as encouragement. Judith sets high standards for herself and also her clients?she is never afraid to tell it like it is. She encourages her clients to be their personal best. Judith?s vast knowledge and experience in both publishing and marketing make her an invaluable resource. She takes a personal interest in the authors she works with; and despite a very busy work schedule, she is only a telephone call away when problems arise and need immediate solutions. I would highly recommend Judith Briles.?

Carol Ann Kates
Secret Recipes from the Corner Market

?When I came to Dr Briles I was uncertain as what I was going to do, however, through her diligent guidance and clear direction I was able to get my project back on track and produce an award winning book. Dr Briles has put in place all the tools necessary for success. It takes a person who is willing to learn, look, listen and receive instruction from the master of book production ? Dr Briles.?

Dr Loren Due
Don?t Say a Word about This

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New light shed on catalytic reactions used by plants to split oxygen from water

ScienceDaily (Apr. 2, 2012) ? Splitting hydrogen and oxygen from water using conventional electrolysis techniques requires considerable amounts of electrical energy. But green plants produce oxygen from water efficiently using a catalytic technique powered by sunlight -- a process that is part of photosynthesis and so effective that it is Earth's major source of oxygen.

If mimicked by artificial systems, this photocatalytic process could provide abundant new supplies of oxygen and, possibly hydrogen, as a by-product of producing electricity. However, despite its importance to the survival of the planet, scientists don't fully understand the complex process plants use to harness the sun's energy.

A paper published April 2 in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences moves scientists closer to that understanding by showing the importance of a hydrogen bonding water network in that portion of the photosynthetic machinery known as photosystem II. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) on photosystem II extracted from ordinary spinach, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology tested the idea that a network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules plays a catalytic role in the process that produces oxygen.

"By substituting ammonia, an analog of the water molecule that has a similar structure, we were able to show that the network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules is important to the catalytic process," said Bridgette Barry, a professor in Georgia Tech's School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences. "Substituting ammonia for water inhibited the activity of the photosystem and disrupted the network. The network could be reestablished by addition of a simple sugar, trehalose."

In the chloroplasts of green plants, algae and cyanobacteria, oxygen is produced by the accumulation of photo-induced oxidizing equivalents in a structure known as the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The OEC contains manganese and calcium ions. Illumination causes oxidation of manganese ions in the OEC. Short laser flashes can be used to step through the reaction cycle, which involves four sequential light-induced oxidation reactions. Oxygen is produced on the fourth step, and then is released from the OEC.

This so-called S state cycle resets with the binding of the substrate, water. Scientists have proposed that a hydrogen bond network, which includes multiple water molecules bound to manganese ions, calcium ions, and protein amide carbonyl (C=O) groups, forms an electrostatic network surrounding the OEC. In this scenario, the extensive hydrogen-bond network would then serve as a component of the catalyst, which splits off oxygen.

To study the process, Barry and graduate student Brandon Polander used precision FT-IR spectroscopy to describe how the network reacts to a short laser flash. The second harmonic of a pulsed Nd-Yag laser was used as the light source. This illumination causes the OEC to undergo one step in its catalytic cycle, the so-called S1 to S2 transition. An infrared spectrum was recorded before and after a laser flash to the photosystem sample, which was isolated from supermarket spinach.

The exquisite sensitivity of FT-IR spectroscopy allowed them to measure changes in the bond strength of the protein C=O groups. The energies of these C=O groups were used as markers of hydrogen bond strength. The brief laser flash oxidized a manganese ion and caused a change in the strength of the C=O bond, which reported an increase in hydrogen bonding to water molecules. When ammonia was added as an inhibitor, a decrease in C=O hydrogen bonding was observed instead. Addition of trehalose, which is known to change the ordering of water molecules at the surface of proteins, blocked this effect of ammonia.

The study describes the coordinated changes that must occur in the protein to facilitate the reaction and shows that the strength of the hydrogen-bonded network is important.

"This research helps to clarify how ammonia inhibits the photosystem, which is something that researchers have been wondering about for many years," Barry explained. "Our work suggests that ammonia can inhibit the reaction by disrupting this network of hydrogen bonds."

The research also suggests that in design of artificial devices that carry out this reaction, sustaining a similar hydrogen-bonding network may be important. The stabilizing effect of trehalose discovered by Polander and Barry may also be important.

Beyond the importance of understanding the photosynthetic process, the work could lead to new techniques for producing hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight. One possibility would be to add a biomimetic photocatalytic process to a photovoltaic system producing electricity from the sun.

"In terms of providing new sources of energy, we still have lessons to learn from plants about how they carry out these critical processes," Barry said. "It would be a great advance for the planet to have new, sustainable, and inexpensive processes to carry out this reaction."

Ultimately, she hopes the full water oxidizing cycle can be explored and potentially harnessed or imitated for oxygen and energy production.

"We are only looking at a single part of the overall reaction now, but we would like to study the entire cycle, in which oxygen is produced, to see how the interactions in the water network change and how the interactions with the protein change," Barry said. "The work is another step in understanding how plants carry out this amazing series of photosynthetic reactions."

The research was supported by the National Science Foundation.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Georgia Institute of Technology Research News, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Brandon C. Polander and Bridgette A. Barry. A hydrogen-bonding network plays a catalytic role in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, April 2, 2012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200093109

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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The ideal Golfing Health Exercises For your Junior Golfer | Import ...

I get numerous concerns in regards to the junior golfer and golf health applications. The concerns are on a variety of different topics, but they usually drop into three or four unique groups. Generally the queries are; at what need to a junior golfer begin utilizing golf fitness workouts, how generally need to a junior golfer put into action golf fitness workouts, and finally what are the most effective golfing conditioning exercises for your junior golfer Ordinarily this last query could be the most generally asked query. This article is meant to supply some answers for the question; what are the most effective golf conditioning exercises for your junior golfer

Initial and foremost golf health exercises may be of good benefit towards the junior golfer provided a few concepts are adhered to within the development of this kind of a golfing conditioning system. We are certainly aware particular workouts are effective to the golfer and others will not be. Keep in mind regardless in case you are a junior, skilled, or senior the workouts within your golfing fitness system need to center upon producing the body around the golfing swing.

This solitary principle signifies certain exercises are of higher advantage for the golfer than other people. Frequently speaking, the workout routines ought to concentrate on creating your physique towards the positions, actions, and physical needs in the golfing swing. This equates to workout routines producing the required versatility, stability, endurance, energy, and energy necessary from the golf swing. One example is, were totally conscious the golf swing requires you to make a complete shoulder change. A part in the capacity to create a full shoulder change is contingent on the golfer?s versatility (regardless of for anyone who is a junior golfer or not). Should you be missing versatility the potential to create a full shoulder transform, the golfing swing will likely be compromised, and compensations may well set into your golfing swing. That becoming mentioned, a part of ones golfing health and fitness workouts, especially your golf flexibility workout routines will focus on producing a full and easy shoulder transform.

The junior golfer is genuinely no diverse than golfers of an unique age on the subject of the basic rules of a golf fitness program. The objective in the golf fitness program could be the exact same, plus the physical elements with the body to become developed are precisely the same. The aim with the golfing conditioning plan is always to create your body about the golf swing so as to make an extra effective, consistent, and correct golf swing.

The difference for your junior golfer will come down to what exactly are the most beneficial exercises within every single of those classes. Normally the junior golfer will not be as physically created being an grownup therefore altering the physical exercise prescriptions that are most effective for them. Which means, the groups to develop within the body for your golf swing are the identical as the grownup golfer, but modifications in specific workout routines are needed to counteract the physical improvement with the junior golfer.

Ordinarily flexibility workouts for your junior golfer may be the precise identical as for any other age golfer. Frequently speaking, flexibility training is often substantially much easier for your junior golfer to carry out mainly because muscle tissues and connective tissues tend to be more flexible when we are youthful.

Progressing to stability workout routines. Usually the junior golfer is not as kinesthetically developed as an adult. Their bodies, control from the limbs, and recognizing exactly where the body is in room tends to become less created at more youthful ages. For this reason we have to modify some of the stability workout routines to some reduce level of difficulty. As an example, a junior golfer could have problems performing an sophisticated airplane rotation located in my golf health book. As a result a modification could possibly be needed within the exercise. The adjustment could consist of maintaining the junior golfer employing the basic airplane rotation and including additional repetitions to raise the problems.

An additional adjustment is typically needed for that endurance, power, and energy exercises for the junior golfer. Golfing fitness exercises discovered within these classes of coaching are geared in the direction of increasing muscular energy, endurance, and energy. To be able to enhance these elements from the muscle tissue in everyone (junior golfer integrated) we should overload the physique with a higher workload than it truly is accustomed also. One example is, should you had been a bodybuilder and needed get larger biceps. You may decide to perform bicep dumbbells curls having a 50 lb. dumbbell. Inside the beginning this workout could be incredibly complicated to execute. The reason will be the fifty lb. dumbbell is overloading your bicep. More than time the bicep will get more powerful as well as the 50 lb. dumbbell will get a lot easier to elevate. This can be an example of how you can overload the muscles of ones physique to obtain more powerful.

A lot of of these workouts to create elevated power, endurance, and power can call for the usage of exterior resistance: Within the kind of dumbbells, elastic tubing, medicine balls, etc. The error with junior golfers is externally loading these workouts too much. One example is, employing to heavy of dumbbells for a specific workout routines. The outcome is actually a compromise in type and loss of advantage from the exercise. For this purpose, I have identified it greatest for that junior golfer to work with their physique excess weight as resistance initial. Then gradually progress to including external resistance inside the form of tubing, medicine balls, etc?

This format allows the junior golfer to progress in the improvement of their bodies for your golf swing properly. It enables them to concentrate on physical exercise strategy and execution instead of the level of excess weight lifted.

To recap, modifications for that junior golfer when it comes to their program is necessary. Its a very simple course of action if they may be not overloaded with resistance or trouble of physical exercise. The objective for the junior golfer could be the identical as another golfer; create the physique about the golf swing. The bodily components to be created by a golfing fitness system are once again the same; flexibility, stability, energy, endurance, and energy. The difference for your junior golfer lies within the implementation in the workout routines inside these groups within the golfing fitness system.

Sean Cochran

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Community rallies behind 'pink slime' maker

By The Associated Press
Published: April 01, 2012 Updated: April 01, 2012 - 2:47 PM

SIOUX CITY, Iowa ? The main producer of the lean beef trimmings that critics call "pink slime" continues to have the support of the community where the company is based.

Several thousand people attended a picnic in Sioux City Saturday to support Beef Products Inc. and dine on hamburgers made with its beef.

BPI's beef has drawn extra scrutiny because of concerns about the ammonium hydroxide it treats meat with to slightly change the acidity of the beef and kill bacteria.

The company defends its product as safe, and says it has been used in ground beef for years.

Sioux City resident Jose Lopez says he did his own Internet research after hearing concerns about BPI's products. Lopez says he decided the meat is safe, so he brought his family to the picnic.

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Petranews: Jordan renews rejection of military intervention in Syria http://t.co/gcSdYuVG #JO

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Breeze Magazine: Adolescent Romantic Relationships in ...

Although adolescents? romantic relationships would seem like an obvious and important area of study for developmental scientists interested in adolescents? psychological development, until recently the topic has languished, for both pernicious and benign reasons. Currently, however, research on adolescents? dating and
romantic relationships is burgeoning. Dating and romantic relationships are a significant part of adolescents? social world; current research has corrected the misperception that these relationships are fleeting and transitory, as had been presumed.

Instead, the research has shown that romantic relationships are normative during middle adolescence, that they are relatively stable after early adolescence, and that they influence both current functioning and later psychosocial development. By tenth grade, interactions with romantic partners are more frequent than interactions with parents, siblings, or friends and provide as much support as relationships with mothers. Moreover, high school students spend a great deal of time thinking about these relationships. By the end of high school, nearly three-fourth so fall U.S. adolescents report having had a romantic relationship in the last 18 months.

Research on dating and romantic relationships during adolescence has proceeded in several directions. One direction has been to chart normative changes in the features of romantic relationships. In very early research, it is proposed that adolescents progress through a five-stage sequence of structural changes in peer relationships that entails transitions from small unisexual cliques to associations between male and female cliques, to the formation of a larger heterosexual crowd, which provides a context for dating (first among clique leaders and then later more broadly among all members), and finally, crowd dissolution in favor of a loose association of heterosexual couples. Although this account stood unexamined for nearly half a century, recent research has provided evidence for its validity among contemporary youth (although the sequence may unfold over a longer time span, as the average age of marriage moves upward to the mid-twenties). Studies have shown that early adolescents spend a great deal of time thinking about (but not actually interacting with) the opposite sex and that initial interactions with the opposite sex typically occur first in mixed-sex contexts. More experience with mixed-gender friendship groups facilitates adolescents? involvement in romantic relationships.

The social context, including relationships with friends and parents, has been examined as sources of influence on the quality and progression of romantic relationships. Thus far, researchers have focused on either peer influence or parental influence or their additive effects, but more complex models of the interactive influences of parents, friends, and peers on adolescents? romantic relationships have been lacking. Peer relationships may influence the development of romantic relationships by providing a context for establishing romantic relationships, by influencing the nature of those relationships and the choice of romantic partners, and by influencing relationship processes. The quality of adolescents? friendships has been shown to be closely associated with the quality of romantic relationships.

Likewise, researchers have examined continuity between earlier parent-child relationships and adolescents? romantic experience and relationships. According to attachment theory, representations of attachment to care givers formed early in life influence later romantic relationships through expectancies about closeness and intimacy, but some evidence suggests that attachment representations of friendships mediate the relationship between adolescents? working models of their relationships with parents and their views of romantic relationships. Parental socialization practices, such as effective parental monitoring or a history of parental responsiveness and autonomy support, also may influence the development of romantic relationships, eitherdirectlyorthroughtheireffectonsocialcompetence,self-esteem,andself-worth.

Relatively little research to date has examined the meaning of romantic inter-actions and relationships to adolescents, but some evidence indicates that early adolescents? notions of romance are very idealized and stereotypic and primarily meet needs for status attainment, sexual experimentation, and recreation. Overtime, as adolescents gain experience interacting with the opposite sex, romantic relationships begin to fulfill needs for support or care giving.

Another line of research has examined individual differences in dating, with the focus primarily on the consequences of early dating. Research has consistently shown that for both boys and girls early dating is associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment, including poorer self-esteem, lower academic achievement, more alcohol and substance abuse, and earlier involvement in sexual activity. The causal relationships are not clearly established, however, and youth who are involved in these activities may begin their involvement in dating earlier than other teens. Moreover, the desired timetable for dating, pacing of sexual intimacy, and tolerance for diversity may vary by friendship group and reputational crowds, as well as by ethnicity, cultural background, and gender. Furthermore, individual differences in dating among older adolescents need further study.

Despite the rapid progress made in recent years in understanding the development, features, and significance of adolescents? romantic relationships, research in this area has been largely focused on middle-class, European American, heterosexual youth. More research on the normative development of romantic relationships in ethnic minority and sexual minority (e.g., gay, lesbian, or bisexual) youth is needed. Furthermore, to date, research has focused primarily on individual self-reports rather than considering the dyad as a unit of analysis; future research should examine the perceptions and experiences of both romantic partners as well as the influence of discrepancies in their perspectives for adolescent development and adjustment.

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